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7.65×21mm Parabellum
The 7.65×21mm Parabellum (designated as the 7,65 Parabellum by the C.I.P.〔(C.I.P. TDCC datasheet 7,65 Parabellum )〕 and also known as .30 Luger and 7.65mm Luger) is a pistol cartridge that was introduced in 1898 by German arms manufacturer Deutsche Waffen und Munitionsfabriken (DWM) for their new Pistol Parabellum. The primary designers were firearms designers Georg Luger and Hugo Borchardt, who developed the round from the earlier 7.65×25mm Borchardt while working at DWM.
==Development==
In 1897, the C-93 Borchardt pistol was submitted for testing to the Swiss Military Trials Committee. The Committee found the Borchardt too heavy and unwieldy to serve as a military sidearm. Georg Luger was tasked by DWM with improving upon the Borchardt pistol. He developed the 7.65×21mm Parabellum cartridge from the 7.65×25mm Borchardt. By shortening the cartridge case, Luger was able to design a narrower grip, and the toggle action required a shorter stroke than in the original Borchardt design. A transitional Borchardt-Luger model in the new caliber was submitted to the Swiss commission in 1898. After further improvements, the final result became the DWM Pistole-Parabellum ("Luger pistol"). The loading for the new cartridge was standardized and mass production began in 1900–1901 in DWM's factory in Karlsruhe, Germany.
Around 1903, a separate load was developed for Parabellum carbines, with approximately 20% more powder (increased from the standard 0.32–0.35 g to 0.4 g) and a blackened cartridge case. This carbine load was manufactured until sometime after World War I.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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